Managerial Economics

P7. 6 Optimal Input Mix. The First National Bank received 3,000 inquiries spare-time activity the latest advertisement describing its 30-month IRA accounts in the Boston World, a local newspaper. The most recent ad in a similar advertising extend in Massachusetts Business, a regional business magazine, gene outrankd 1,000 inquiries. Each newspaper ad costs $500, whereas each magazine ad costs $125. A. Assuming that redundant ads would generate similar response rates, is the bank survivening an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads? Why or why not? No, the bank is not running an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads because the optimal compounding would occur when MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm ? newspaper siding 3,000 / 500 = 6 and magazine output 1,000 / 125 = 8. Therefore, amount spent on newspaper ads attracted 6 inquiries while amount spent on magazine ad attracted 8 inquiries. So to run an optimal mix of newspaper and magazine ads, the bank has to run more magazine ads and/ o r fewer newspaper ads. B. Holding all else equal, how many inquiries mustiness a newspaper ad attract for the current advertising mix to be optimal? For the current advertising mix to be optimal, MPn / Pn = MPm / Pm therefore, to accession the newspaper output from 6 to 8, Find MPn / 500 = 8 *500 ? MPn = 4,000 *500 So inquiries generated by newspaper ads would have to increase from 3,000 to 4,000. P7. 7 fringy Revenue Product of Labor. To better serve customers stakesed in buying cars over the Inter dough, Smart Motors, Inc. , hired Nora Jones to respond to customer inquiries, offer price quotes, and spell out orders for leads generated by the companys Web site. During last year, Jones averaged 1. 5 vehicle sales per week.On average, these vehicles sold for a retail price of $25,000 and brought the dealership a bring in contribution of $1,000 each. A. Estimate Jones annual (50 workweek) bare(a) tax product. oJones fringy revenue product can be found by the figure of cars sold and the lucre of each sale. MRPL = MPL * MRQ ? MRPL = (1. 5 * 50) * ($1,000) = $75,000 (Vehicles sales p/week * workweek) * (profit contribution) B. Jones earns a base salary of $60,000 per year, and Smart Motors pays an additional 28 per centum of this base salary in taxes and various fringe benefits.Is Jones a profitable employee? oNo, Jones is not a profitable employee because her cost to be employed is $76,800 ($60,000 base salary + 28% of taxes and fringe benefits) and her marginal revenue product is only $75,000. Therefore, MRPL ($75,000) PL ($76,800). This means that even though Jones brings in $75,000 additional profit it costs Smart Motors $76,800 to have her which means she brings $1,800 of marginal want to Smart Motors. P7. 8 Optimal Input Level. Ticket Services, Inc. , offers ticket promotion and handling services for concerts and sporting events.The Sherman Oaks, California, branch office makes heavy use of agency radio advertising on WHAM-AM, with each 30-sec ond ad costing $100. During the past year, the next relation amid advertising and ticket sales per event has been sight Sales (units) = 5,000 + 100A 0. 5A2 ?Sales (units) / ? Advertising = 100 A Here, A represents a 30-second radio spot ad, and sales are measured in numbers of tickets. Rachel Green, director for the Sherman Oaks office, has been asked to recommend an appropriate level of advertising.In thinking about this problem, Green noted its resemblance to the optimal resource employment problem studied in a managerial economics course. The advertising/sales relation could be thought of as a production function, with advertising as an input and sales as the output. The problem is to determine the profit-maximizing level of employment for the input, advertising, in this production system. Green recognized that a measure of output value was needed to compute the problem.After reflection, Green determined that the value of output is $2 per ticket, the net marginal revenue e arned by Ticket Services (price minus all marginal costs except advertising). A. Continuing with Greens production analogy, what is the marginal product of advertising? **Marginal Product measures additional output from one more unit of the variant input. ** oMPA = MS/MA = ? Sales (units) / ? Advertising (OR ? Q/? A) = 100 A B. What is the rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ in a production system? Explain the logic underlying this rule. The rule for determining the optimal amount of a resource to employ is MRPA = PA (see slide 17) MPA * MRQ = PA (see slide 9) The preceding(prenominal) equation turns to ?Q/? A * ? TR/? Q = ? TC/? A ?Qs cancel each other out and the equation turns to ?TR/? A = ? TC/? A This leads to Marginal Total Revenue (MTR) = Marginal Total Cost (MTC), which means the inflow = outflow. C. Using the rule for optimal resource employment, determine the profit-maximizing number of radio ads. oUsing the above equation MPA * MRQ = PA ? (1 00-A )* $2 = $100 $cc-2A = $100 ? $100= 2A ? A=$50 P7. 9 Net Marginal Revenue.Crane, Poole & Schmidt, LLC, is a boffo Boston-based law firm. Worker productivity at the firm is measured in billable mos, which vary between partners and associates. Partner time is billed to clients at a rate of $250 per hour, whereas associate time is billed at a rate of $125 per hour. On average, each partner generates 25 billable hours per 40-hour workweek, with 15 hours spent on promotion, administrative, and supervisory responsibilities. Associates generate an average of 35 billable hours per 40-hour workweek and spend 5 hours per week in administrative and training meetings.Variable bang costs average 50 percent of revenues generated by partners and 60 percent of revenues generated by associates. A. Calculate the annual (50 workweek) net marginal revenue product of partners and associates. For Partners oMRPP = MPP * MRQ ? MRPP = ($25 * 50) * ($250* 100% 50%) = $156,250 (Billable hrs * workweek ) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) For Associates oMRPA = MPA * MRA ? MRPA = ($35 * 50) * ($125* 100% 60%) = $87,500 (Billable hrs * workweek) * (rate billed * % overhead cost) Each marginal hour of effort by partner brings the firm $250 in revenue $125 ($250 *50%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $125 p/hr. ?Each marginal hour of effort by associate brings the firm $125 in revenue $75($125 *60%) of variable costs, so a partner has a net marginal revue of $50 p/hr. Both of these reflect the marginal value of service output. B. If partners earn $175,000 and associates earn $70,000 per year, does the company have an optimal combination of partners and associates? If not, why not? Make your answer explicit and support any recommendations for change. Comparing partners marginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPP = $156,250 $175,000. This means that partners bring $18,750 ($175,000-$156,250) marginal injury to the firm. oComparing associates ma rginal revenue products with their salary shows MRPA = $87,500 $70,000. This means that associates bring $17,500 ($87,500-$70,000) marginal profit to the firm. Therefore to help move the company to an optimal combination where profit is maximized, they pass on have to either reduce the number of partners or have a small increase in the number of associates.This can be done by expanding the number of associates until MRPA = $70,000. After this is done we can recalculate the MRPP to see if it has increased. If the new MRPP = $175,000, no other change needs to be made. Chapter 7 Power arcdegree Problem Stereo Receivers. Do-It-Yourself, Inc. , sells budget-priced stereo receivers, in both kit and fully-assembled forms. Customers who assemble their own receivers benefit from the lower kit price of $100 per receiver. Full-service customers enjoy the sumptuousness of an assembled receiver, but pay a higher price of $150 per receiver.Both kit and fully assembled receiver prices are stabl e. The company has observed the following relation between the numbers of assembly workers employed per day and assembled receiver output Number of workersFinished receivers 00 18 214 318 420 521 A. )Construct a table showing the net marginal revenue product derived from assembly worker employment. Number of WorkersFinished receiversMarginal Product of Labor (MPL)Net Marginal Revenue Product of Labor (NMRPL) (1)(2)(3)(4) = (3) x $50 00N/AN/A 188$400 146$300 3184$200 4202$100 5211$50 B. )How many assemblers would Do-It-Yourself employ at a day-after-day wage rate of $120? oDo-It-Yourself would employ 3 workers since from the table above, one-third workers NMRPL is $200 which is greater () than the $120 they would pay in wages. C. )What is the highest daily wage rate Do-It Yourself would pay to hire four assemblers per day? oTo hire four assemblers per day, the highest daily wage rate Do-It-Yourself should pay is $100 since thats the NMRPL for the fourth worker.Managerial EconomicsQ 1. In a country, the velocity of capital is constant. Real gross domestic product grows by 5% per year, the money stock by 14% per year, and the nominal interest rate is 11 per cent. What is the real interest rate? A. 1 The following is provided in the question GDP harvesting rate (Y)- 5% Money Stock growth rate (M)-14% Nominal Interest Rate- 11% Velocity Of Money- unceasing Real Interest Rate = Nominal interest rate pomposity . Fisher Effect By the quantity equation we have M . V = P. YThe Quantity theory of Money assumes that V is constant and exogenous. Inflation= Change in the Money Growth- Change in the GDP Growth Using the above values Inflation= 14% 5% = 9% Thus Real Interest Rate = 11%- 9%= 2% Therefore the real interest rate is adjusted for inflation. Q. 2 Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money communicate grows by 12% per year, and real income grows by 4% per year. (a) What is the average inflation rate? b) How would inflation be different if real income growth were higher, say 6%? Explain. (c) Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the velocity of money in this economy was growing steadily, say by 2% per annum because of financial innovation. How would that sham the inflation rate? Explain. A. 2 The Money demand function (M/P)d = kY, where M/P = Real Money Balances k= money people wish to stick for each rupee of income and k= 1/V (a) Average Inflation Rate 12%- 4%= 8% b) If Y=6%, then Inflation is 12% 6 %= 6% Inflation depends upon changes (in this increases) in the Money Supply and Real Income, which is given by the quantity theory of money. So if the money growth rate is greater than the real income growth rate it results in Inflation. In the (a) the money growth rate was 12% whereas real income growth rate is 4% so the Inflation rate is 8%, whereas in (b) the real income growth rate has increased to 6% and hence the inflation has rate has changed and decreased to 6%. c) The Velocity of money is not constant in this case as assumed in the Quantity theory of money. V=2% The Inflation would this instant therefore be determined as follows- Inflation rate = Change in Money Supply + Change in Velocity Change in Real Income Inflation rate = 12% + 2% 4%=10 % The Inflation in this case is highest and is equal to 10%, this is because the growth rate of money supply is greater than real income growth rate and also because the V is not a constant and hence the a unit of the money is beingness used 2% more.